{"id":20518,"date":"2026-06-10T11:38:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T03:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/?p=20518"},"modified":"2026-06-10T11:38:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T03:38:19","slug":"kubernetes-horizontal-pod-autoscaling-with-hpa-%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/?p=20518","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaling with HPA \u667a\u80fd\u5de5\u5177\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c<strong>Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaling\uff08HPA\uff09<\/strong> \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f39\u6027\u4f38\u7f29\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002HPA \u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e Pod \u7684 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6307\u6807\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u526f\u672c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6d41\u91cf\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u8c37\u65f6\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5b98\u7f51\u5165\u53e3\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u56e2\u961f\u5feb\u901f\u843d\u5730\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/run-application\/horizontal-pod-autoscale\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9<\/a> \u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u5305\u542b\u6700\u65b0 API \u7248\u672c\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>HPA \u4f5c\u4e3a Kubernetes \u5185\u7f6e\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e Metrics Server \u6536\u96c6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574 Deployment \u6216 StatefulSet \u7684\u526f\u672c\u6570\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u6307\u6807\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u7f29<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301 CPU \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u9608\u503c\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u6307\u6807\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 Prometheus Adapter \u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42 QPS\u3001\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e73\u6ed1\u4f38\u7f29\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u7f6e\u51b7\u5374\u673a\u5236\uff08cooldown\uff09\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u6291\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u6296\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>HPA \u6bcf\u9694 15 \u79d2\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u671f\u671b\u503c\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a <code>desiredReplicas = ceil[currentReplicas * (currentMetricValue \/ targetMetricValue)]<\/code>\u3002\u5f53\u6bd4\u503c\u8d85\u8fc7 1.1 \u6216\u4f4e\u4e8e 0.9 \u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u8d1f\u8f7d\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<p>\u91c7\u7528 HPA \u7684\u56e2\u961f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6210\u672c\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7f29\u51cf\u7a7a\u95f2\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4e91\u4e0a\u8d26\u5355\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e 30%\uff5e50%\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0b\u79d2\u7ea7\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52a1\u96ea\u5d29\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7b80\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u526f\u672c\u6570\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u4eba\u529b\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<p>\u7535\u5546\u5927\u4fc3\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u76f4\u64ad\u3001\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u5747\u9002\u5408\u90e8\u7f72 HPA\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u5934\u90e8\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u5728 2024 \u5e74\u53cc 11 \u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 HPA \u642d\u914d\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 QPS \u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5c06\u5bb9\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u526f\u672c\u6570\u4ece 200 \u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u81f3 2000\uff0c\u625b\u4f4f\u6bcf\u79d2 50 \u4e07\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u7f29\u81f3 50 \u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u7ea6 60% \u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u4f8b\u5df2\u5728 AWS \u5b98\u65b9\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\uff1a\u4ece\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 HPA \u53ea\u9700\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u542f\u7528 Metrics Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c <code>kubectl apply -f https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes-sigs\/metrics-server\/releases\/latest\/download\/components.yaml<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u521b\u5efa HPA \u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>kubectl autoscale deployment my-app --cpu-percent=50 --min=2 --max=10<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u751f\u6548<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c <code>kubectl get hpa -w<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u7528 <code>kubectl run -i --tty load-generator --image=busybox \/bin\/sh<\/code> \u6a21\u62df\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u53cd\u6620 HPA \u4e0d\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u56e0 Metrics Server \u672a\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6307\u6807\u9002\u914d\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u901a\u8fc7 <code>kubectl top pod<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u518d\u8c03\u6574\u76ee\u6807\u9608\u503c\u3002\u6700\u65b0 Kubernetes 1.30 \u7248\u672c\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 v2 \u7248 HPA API\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6307\u6807\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u67e5\u9605\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0cKubernetes HPA \u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982 AWS EKS\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 ACK\uff09\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u624b\u52a8\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5230\u5168\u81ea\u52a8\u5f39\u6027\u4f38\u7f29\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u3002\u6b32\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee\u524d\u8ff0<a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/run-application\/horizontal-pod-autoscale\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0cKubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaling\uff08HPA\uff09 \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd0\u7ef4 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[23887,23895,23893,23894,23896],"class_list":["post-20518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4","tag-horizontal-pod-autoscaling","tag-hpa","tag-kubernetes-hpa","tag-23894","tag-23896"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20518"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20519,"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20518\/revisions\/20519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ab123.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}